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British Journal of Criminology Advance Access published online on September 12, 2008
British Journal of Criminology, doi:10.1093/bjc/azn070
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The British Journal of Criminology 0:azn070 (2008)
© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies (ISTD). All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The International Origins and Initial Development of Probation

An Early Example of Policy Transfer

Maurice Vanstone*

* Dr, Reader in Criminal Justice and Criminology, Centre for Criminal Justice and Criminology, School of Human Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; m.t.vanstone{at}swan.ac.uk.


  Abstract

This paper examines why probation emerged as an alternative to punishment throughout the world in a relatively short period of time at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century. In doing so, it provides a detailed history of the process of its creation, an elucidation of its various forms, and a portrait of some of the key influential people and the part they played. In attempting an explanation for the proliferation of probation, it sets the history within a social, political, cultural and theoretical context, and, in particular, the context of the emergence of criminology as a social science.


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