British Journal of Criminology Advance Access originally published online on May 28, 2009
British Journal of Criminology 2009 49(5):609-627; doi:10.1093/bjc/azp022
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The British Journal of Criminology 49:609-627 (2009)
© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies (ISTD). All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
The Transformation of Violence in Iraq
* Tony Ward, Reader in Law, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; A.Ward{at}hull.ac.uk.
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This article explores the connections between various forms of organized political violence and ostensibly private, non-political violence in post-invasion Iraq, focusing on gender-based violence and the links between militias and organized crime. We argue that, as in other civil wars, much of the violence is dual-purpose, simultaneously serving private and political goals, and that despite a decline in violence since 2007, the situation created by the overthrow of the previous dictatorship remains extremely dangerous.